Sample size plays an important role as you evaluate hypotheses using statistics.  As sample size decreases, it is more difficult to detect an existing difference.  For instance, if we only looked at 10 moths in the population above, we could randomly collect 10 white individuals, whereas if we were to collect 100 moths, we would be more likely to pick up variation that exists within the population.

Sample size plays an important role as you evaluate hypotheses using statistics.  As sample size decreases, it is more difficult to detect an existing difference.  For instance, if we only looked at 10 moths in the population above, we could randomly collect 10 white individuals, whereas if we were to collect 100 moths, we would be more likely to pick up variation that exists within the population.